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CCS Technical Documentation
RH-10 Series Transceivers
Troubleshooting
Issue 1 09/2002 Confidential Nokia Corporation
RH-10
Troubleshooting CCS Technical Documentation
Page 2 Nokia Corporation Confidential Issue 1 09/2002
RH-10
CCS Technical Documentation Troubleshooting
Contents
Page No
Transmitter Troubleshooting.......................................................................................... 5
Tuning Information ........................................................................................................ 5
ST Batman VHFPLL ...................................................................................................5
ST TX Detector Cell ....................................................................................................5
ST Robin VHFPLL Cell ..............................................................................................6
SN Cell PA Temp ........................................................................................................6
SN Cell RX BB Filter ..................................................................................................7
SN Cell RX DC Offset I (or Q) ...................................................................................7
SN AMPS RX BB Filter ..............................................................................................7
SN AMPS RX DC Offset I (or Q) ...............................................................................7
Test TX Start-up Current .............................................................................................8
Test TX Start-up Amplitude ........................................................................................8
TN VCTCXO Frequency .............................................................................................8
TN TX DC Offset Reference Power ..........................................................................10
TN TX DC Offset Carrier Suppression .....................................................................11
TN TX IF AGC Cell Po (O) [or (1), (2), (3), or (4)] .................................................11
TN PA Gain Cal Cell Po (0) [or, (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5)] .........................................12
TX TX IF 11 dBm Set CELL Po ...............................................................................13
TN TX RF AGC Cell Po (0) [or (1), or (2)] ..............................................................14
TN TX Gain Comp Cell Po MD (or LO, LM, ML, MH, HM, or HI) .......................14
TX IF 11 dBm Set CELL Po .....................................................................................15
TN TX RF AGC Cell Po (0) [or (1), or (2)] ..............................................................15
TN TX Gain Comp Cell (or PCS) Po MD (or LO, LM, ML, MH, HM, or HI) ........16
TN G_Offset Cell MD ...............................................................................................17
TN AMPS PL2 Po Mid (or Low, LowMid, MidLow, MidHigh, HighMid, or High) 17
TN AMPS PL3 (or 4, 5, 6, or 7) Po ...........................................................................18
TN TX Limiting Po Cell IS95, Low channel (or LowMid, MidLow, Mid, MidHigh,
HighMid, or High channel) ......................................................................................18
TN TX Limiting Cell CDMA2000: Po ......................................................................19
TS ACPR Cell -- Low ..............................................................................................19
TN RX IF AGC RXdBCtr (0) [or (1) or (2)] .............................................................19
TN LNA AMPS (or Cell) LowGain (or HighGain) LO (or LM, ML, MD, MH, HM,
HI) ............................................................................................................................20
Final UI Test: Rho .....................................................................................................20
Final UI Test: Frame Error Rate (FER) .....................................................................20
Final UI Test: SINAD ................................................................................................20
Probing/Troubleshooting ............................................................................................. 21
Overview ....................................................................................................................21
Probing Tables ...........................................................................................................22
Probing Diagrams ......................................................................................................29
Phoenix Instructions ..................................................................................................30
Turning on Cell CDMA Transmitter....................................................................... 30
Turning on AMPS Transmitter ............................................................................... 31
Turning on Receiver Only....................................................................................... 32
Verifying a Single Manual Tuning.......................................................................... 33
Adjusting PDM Values for AGCs and AFC ........................................................... 33
Reading Tuning Values from the Phone ................................................................. 34
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Reading RSSI and AGC PDM Values from the Phone .......................................... 34
Loading PRLs into the Phone.................................................................................. 35
Changing Between Local Mode and Normal Mode................................................ 35
Baseband Test Tone for AMPS Transmitter Tests.................................................. 36
Block Diagrams .........................................................................................................37
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CCS Technical Documentation Troubleshooting
Transmitter Troubleshooting
The Diva troubleshooting section includes tuning information, troubleshooting test,
probing points, and block diagrams.
Tuning Information
ST Batman VHFPLL
This is one of the phone's self-tests, which gives either a Pass or Fail result only.
The VHFPLL is inside the Batman IC. The phone checks the VHFPLL's lock detect bit. If this
bit indicates that the PLL is unlocked, the test will fail.
Manual Verification: Turn on the Cell or PCS receiver to any channel and probe at L701
(probing point 39 in Figure 2), using an RF probe connected to a spectrum analyzer tuned
to 256.2 MHz. If the PLL is locked, it will be stable in frequency. If it is unlocked, you may
have to use a wide span to see it since it may be far off frequency.
Troubleshooting: Check C701, C714, R703, R702, C715, R704, V701, C716, L701, and
C702. Check power supplies to Batman, particularly check for 2.7v on VR5 at C710 and
on VR7 at C708. Check for 1.8v on VIO. If no fault is found, replace N701 (Batman).
ST TX Detector Cell
This is one of the phone's self-tests, which gives either a Pass or Fail result only.
The phone transmits at several power levels and checks the ADC value of the power
detector. The ADC value is measured first for a set of AGC values, and then each AGC
value is changed individually to ensure that the ADC changes as each AGC change is
made.
Manual Verification: Using Main Mode, turn on the Cell CDMA TX with the channel set to
384 and turn on IS95 modulation using CDMA control. Using the PDM window, set:
TX_IF_AGC to -100
TX_RF_AGC to -512
PA_AGC to +511
Record the TX signal power from the antenna connector, using a spectrum analyzer cen-
tered at 836.52 MHz. (The self-test measures the power detector reading instead, but at
the present time it cannot be done with Phoenix. An easy way to check functionality
without removing the covers is to check transmitted power.) Transmitter power should be
greater than 24 dBm. (PWR_OUT greater than 1.91v, which corresponds to the power
detector ADC=700.)
For each of the next three cases, TX power should be less than 24 dBm (less than 1.91v
on PWR_OUT).
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1 TX_IF_AGC to -80
TX_RF_AGC to -512
PA_AGC to -512
2 TX_IF_AGC to +511
TX_RF_AGC to -512
PA_AGC to +511
3 TX_IF_AGC to -80
TX_RF_AGC to +511
PA_AGC to +511
Troubleshooting: If there is a failure associated with only some of the cases above, check
the AGC voltages and components of the associated PDMs as described in Tables 1 and 4.
For problems with the IF or RF AGC, also check Robin and supporting components. For PA
AGC problems, also check the PA and supporting components. If all the above cases fail,
troubleshoot the TX chain as described in this section.
If all the output powers pass, perhaps the test is failing because the ADC voltage is
wrong. The limit is 1.64v. If the voltages are wrong, then check the power detector at
R821, R801, R804, L801, C805, R806, R805, C803, V801, C804, and C807, and also Robin.
If the voltages are correct and it still fails, check the UEM (D200).
ST Robin VHFPLL Cell
This is one of the phone's self-tests, which gives either a Pass or Fail result only.
The VHFPLL is inside the Robin IC. The phone checks the VHFPLL's lock-detect bit. If this
bit indicates that the PLL is unlocked, the test will fail.
Manual Verification: Turn on the Cell CDMA receiver to any channel and probe at L611
(probing point 11, Figure 1), using an RF probe connected to a spectrum analyzer tuned
to 346.2 MHz. If the PLL is locked, it will be stable in frequency. If it is unlocked, you may
have to use a wide space to see it since it may be far off frequency.
Troubleshooting: Check C612, C613, R607, R605, C632, R606, C638, L611, C631, C630,
V601, C629, V602, C637, R609, C618. Check power supplies to N601 (Robin), ensuring
2.7v on VR3 and VR6, and 1.8v on VIO. If no problems are found, replace Robin.
SN Cell PA Temp
This is one of the phone's self-tunings, which reads the ADC voltage of thermistor R808,
and checks to make sure the phone is at room temperature. A phone should not be tuned
while it is either hot or cold.
The phone reports the ADC voltage value of the thermistor and it should be within the
set limits.
Manual Verification: Ensure the phone is cool by letting it cool down for several minutes.
Retest, keeping in mind that if there is a short circuit on the board, the phone will get
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CCS Technical Documentation Troubleshooting
hot very quickly.
Troubleshooting: If the phone was recently transmitting in Cell band at full power for an
extended period of time, it is probably hot for that reason. Let it cool down for a few
minutes before proceeding. If it still fails, there may be either a short on the board or a
problem with the PA Temp circuitry. To check PA Temp circuitry, check R808, C232, R202,
and D200. If a short is suspected, check the Cell PA first. If an infrared camera is avail-
able, this is one of the easiest methods to detect a short.
SN Cell RX BB Filter
This is one of the phone's self-tunings, which tunes the lowpass filter in the Batman IC
(N701), in Cell CDMA mode.
This self-tuning returns one of the filters tuned parameters, which should be within the
set limits.
Manual Verification: Use "RF Tuning" dialog box in Phoenix; set mode to Self Tune, and
choose this tuning.
Troubleshooting: Check Batman (N701) and supporting components.
SN Cell RX DC Offset I (or Q)
This is one of the phone's self-tunings, which measures and adjusts the cell band CDMA
receiver DC offsets until they are within the set limits.
The DC offset is returned for I (or Q).
Manual Verification: Use "RF Tuning" dialog box in Phoenix; set mode to Self Tune, and
choose this tuning.
Troubleshooting: Check Batman (N701) and supporting components.
SN AMPS RX BB Filter
This is one of the phone's self-tunings, which tunes the lowpass filter in the Batman IC
(N701), in AMPS mode.
This self-tuning returns one of the filters tuned parameters, which should be within the
set limits.
Manual Verification: Use the "RF Tuning" dialog box in Phoenix; set mode to Self Tune,
and choose this tuning.
Troubleshooting: Check Batman (N701) and supporting components.
SN AMPS RX DC Offset I (or Q)
This is one of the phone's self-tunings, which measures and adjusts the cell band CDMA
receiver DC offsets until they are within the set limits.
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The DC offset is returned for I (or Q).
Manual Verification: Using the "RF Tuning" dialog box in Phoenix, set mode to Self Tune,
and choose this tuning.
Troubleshooting: Check Batman (N701) and supporting components.
Test TX Start-up Current
This test turns on the AMPS transmitter (PCS transmitter for PCS-only phones) and mea-
sures current of the whole phone--which can detect some assembly errors.
Manual Verification: Set the phone to local mode and turn on the AMPS transmitter. Set
the PDM values as listed in Table 1a for AMPS Power Level 5 (for PCS, set output power
to +12dBm). Read the phone's current on the power supply and check to see that it is
within the set limits. If the power supply does not display current draw, use a current
meter in series with the phone. If the phone powers down when the mode is set, it may
be that the phone is drawing more current than the current limit setting on the power
supply.
Troubleshooting: If current is very high, there may be a short circuit on the phone caused
by a solder bridge, a failed component that is internally shorted, a component placed
with the wrong rotation, or some other reason. Short circuits can be difficult to find, but
one of the easiest methods is to use a thermal camera and look for hot spots that are not
normally hot. Look for the hottests spots. A visual inspection can find solder bridges or
wrong component rotations. A failed component can be found by functional tests of the
phone's sub-blocks.
Test TX Start-up Amplitude
This test turns on the AMPS transmitter and checks for the presence of a TX signal with
an amplitude within a specified range. A wide range is allowed since the transmitter is
not yet tuned.
Manual Verification: Set the phone to local mode and turn on the AMPS transmitter set
to channel 384. Set the AGC PDM values as in Test 17. Look for an output signal at
836.52 MHz with an amplitude within the set limits. The frequency of the signal may not
be accurate since the VCTCXO has not been tuned yet.
Troubleshooting: Check proper placement, rotation, and soldering of the components of
the TX chain, as shown in Figure 1. Check for the presence of LO tones as listed in
Table 2. Check for the presence of a TX signal at each point in the TX chain, probing
according to Table 2.
TN VCTCXO Frequency
The purpose of this tuning is to determine what the AFC DAC value needs to be in order
to center the VCTCXO frequency. The PCS transmitter is turned on and no TX baseband
modulation is provided. The carrier then is centered in frequency. This is done to the car-
rier after it has been mixed up to 1880 MHz, since it is easier to measure the tolerance of
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CCS Technical Documentation Troubleshooting
1 ppm at 1880 MHz than it is at 19.2 MHz. Additionally, the tone at 1880 MHz can be
measured without taking the phone apart.
The result of this test is a PDM value for the AFC DAC, which must be within +/- 150,
corresponding to 2.2v on the VCTCXO control pin (pin 1) and the carrier centerd within
+/- 100Hz. The VCTCXO must be able to be centered within a certain voltage range in
order to allow for aging of the crystal (the centering voltage slowly drifts over time and
the phone will eventually run out of voltage range if it begins too close to the edge of
the range).
Manual Verification: Using the "RF Main Mode" dialog box in Phoenix, turn on the PCS
transmitter and set it to channel 600. Do not add any modulation. Using the RF Tuning
window, set Mode=RF Tuning, and choose this tuning. Look for a transmitted tone on the
spectrum analyzer at 1880 MHz. If no tone is present, proceed to Troubleshooting below.
Center the carrier to within +/- 100 Hz of 1880 MHz. (If sidetones are present, be careful
to center the carrier and not one of the sidetones.) The values you enter into the Values
edit box are the AFC values that control the VCTCXO frequency. Start with a value of "0",
adjusting until it is centered, staying within the set limits.
Troubleshooting:
1 If there is no tone, probe pin 3 of G501 for a tone at 19.2 MHz. If this is not
present, check power supplies, particularly ensuring 2.7v on VCTCXO Vcc pin,
pin 4 of G501. Also check the control pin (pin 1 of G501) for a voltage between
0.4 and 2.7v. If the voltages are correct, and soldering of all G501 terminals is
correct, replace G501. If 19.2 MHz tone is present but tone at 836.52 MHz is not,
troubleshoot Cell TX Chain section.
2 If the carrier is present but the PDM needed to center it is outside of the +/- 150
range, or if it cannot be centered, there is a hardware problem.
3 In the following procedure, performing frequency centering on the RF carrier at
1880 MHz will detect frequency errors due to the VCTCXO and supporting hard-
ware, which will be the majority of the problems, but will not detect frequency
errors due to the hardware that mixes the VCTCXO tone at 19.2 MHz up to
1880 MHz. In order to also troubleshoot this hardware, frequency centering
should be performed on the 19.2 MHz tone to +/- 19.2 Hz on pin 3 of G501,
using a frequency counter. Then the VHF and UHF LOs should be checked. (Since
this will be time-consuming and will probably only account for a small percentage
of the failures, it is not recommended unless the situation justifies the time spent.)
The VHF LO is inside the Robin IC (N601) and troubleshooting of the Cell UHF LO
is according to Table 2.
4 If the carrier can be centered, but the PDM is out-of-range, check the control
voltage on pin 1 of G501. If it is 2.2v (and pin 4 is at 2.7v and pin2 at 0v), then
the VCTCXO (G501) is working correctly but the circuit that delivers the control
voltage is not. Check soldering of all G501 terminals; also check R510, R511,
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C503, and D200. If the control voltage on pin 1 of G501 is not 2.2v, but the car-
rier is centered, then there is a problem with the VCTCXO G501. If there is 2.7v on
pin 4 and the soldering is correct, then replace G501.
5 If the carrier cannot be centered, check to see if you can adjust to 2.2v on pin 1
of G501. If you can, within the PDM range of +/- 150, then the circuitry that
delivers the voltage is working correctly, and the VCTCXO has a problem. Trouble-
shoot as described in the previous section. If you cannot adjust to 2.2v within the
accepted range, then the AFC circuitry has a problem. Troubleshoot it as
described in the previous section.
6 If there is a fault with both the AFC circuitry and the VCTCXO, then several com-
binations of the previously described conditions are possible. Start by ensuring
2.2v on pin 1 of G501, using a PDM within the range of +/- 150. Then center the
phone.
TN TX DC Offset Reference Power
Both this tuning and the next (TN TX DC Offset Carrier Suppression) are to adjust the
DC offset voltages on the I and Q inputs to the modulator for minimal carrier
feedthrough (maximum carrier suppression). Initially, the DC offsets are set to a nominal
value, and the power of a tone offset in frequency 20 kHz from the carrier is measured in
dBm and recorded as a reference (in this tuning). Then, in the next tuning, the carrier
suppression (delta between center tone and tone that is offset 20 kHz) is measured. If it
passes, it is reported in that tuning. If not, the DC offsets are adjusted until it passes, and
the passing value is reported.
The reported result is the power in dBm of the tone that is offset 20 kHz from the carrier,
as measured on the antenna connector, with the nominal DC offsets applied.
Manual Verification: In Phoenix, use the RF Main Mode dialog box to set the AMPS
transmitter to channel 384. Using the RF Tuning dialog box, set the I and Q DC offsets to
0,0 by entering 0,0 in the Values edit box. Center the transmit signal on the spectrum
analyzer, set the span to 100 kHz. Lower the bandwidth so that the two sidetones can be
differentiated from the carrier. Measure the amplitude of the sidetone at 20 kHz above
the carrier. The amplitude of the sidetone will probably be higher than that of the carrier.
The amplitude should be within the test limits.
Troubleshooting: If the carrier is not present, troubleshoot the cell TX chain using the
"things to check" list and probing table/diagrams. If the two tones offset at 20 kHz are
not present, check for them with an oscilloscope on one of the four pads of probing
point 1 in Figure 1, being very careful not to short the pad to an adjacent pad. The fre-
quency should be 20 kHz. If tone is not present on these four pads, then there is a prob-
lem with D200 (UEM). If the tones are present at probing point 1 but not on the TX
signal, check to see if they are on Robin output at L613 at 836.52 MHz + 20 kHz. If not,
there is a problem with N601 (Robin). Ensure power supplies to Robin (VR2, VR3, VR6,
and VIO) are correct. Check components around Robin. If still failing, replace Robin.
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TN TX DC Offset Carrier Suppression
(See TN TX DC Offset Reference Power) tuning section. This step reports the delta
between the reference at 836.52 + 20 kHz and the minimum carrier level at 836.52 MHz.
The result is a delta in dB between the reference at 836.52 MHz + 20 kHz and the mini-
mum carrier level at 836.52 MHz found by adjusting the DC offsets for I and Q individu-
ally. The delta should be at least 35 dB.
Manual Verification: Set up the phone as in the previous test, and record the reference
power of the offset tone. Measure the delta between the center and offset tones. If the
delta is 35 dB or greater, the phone passes. If less than 35 dB, vary the "I" DC offset on
the "Values" line in the RF Tuning dialog box, using the values listed below until the min-
imum carrier maximum delta is found. Leave Q at 0. On the "Values" line, enter "I,Q". The
appropriate values (in decimal) are:
-560
-504
-448
-392
-336
-280
-224
-168
-112
-56
0
56
112
168
224
280
336
302
448
504
560
If the minimum is 35 dB or greater, the phone passes. If the minimum is less than 35 dB,
then vary Q in the same manner as I, using the above values, holding I constant at the
minumum value determined above, until the delta is at least 35 dB.
Troubleshooting: Check N601 (Robin), D200 (UEM), and associated components.
TN TX IF AGC Cell Po (O) [or (1), (2), (3), or (4)]
The IF gain curve is characterized by varying the TX_IF_AGC and measuring the transmit
power. This is only done once (in cell CDMA mode) since the same circuitry is used for
both cell.
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The results are TX power readings in dBm of the transmitted signal corresponding to
given PDM settings of the Cell TX IF AGC.
Manual Verification: Set the phone in local mode; then program it to Cell CDMA RX/TX
mode on channel 384. Set modulation to IS95 voice. Set the Cell PA PDM to +218 deci-
mal and the TX RF AGC to -512 decimal, using the sliders in the PDM dialog box under
the RF drop-down menu. Change the TX_IF_AGC to the settings in the following table
and measure the TX power levels, checking to see that they are within the specified
range.
PDM for TX IF AGC Acceptable range for output power (in dBm)
(a) +300 decimal check tuning
(b) +150 results file
(c) 0 for limits
Change the TX_RF_AGC PDM to +511. Leave the TX_IF_AGC at 0 and the PA_AGC at
+218. Measure the output power. Subtract this power from the power measured in (c)
above. This is the RF_AGC gain delta.
Leave the PA_AGC and TX_RF_AGC values as is; then enter the alues listed below for the
TX_IF_AGC. Measure the output power, then add to each the RF_AGC gain delta calcu-
lated above. Check that these sums are within the listed ranges.
Acceptable range for sum:[output power +
PDM for TX IF AGC
RF_AGC gain delta], in dBm
-200 check tuning results
-400 file for limits
Troubleshooting: Check Robin (N801) and supporting components. Also check D400,
which generates the PDM signals. Check AGC PDM voltages according to Tables 1 and 4.
Troubleshoot the rest of the transmitter chain, if necessary.
TN PA Gain Cal Cell Po (0) [or, (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5)]
These tunings model the cell PA gain curve by setting the PA AGC PDM to several values
and measuring output power. First, the TX PA AGC and the TX RF AGC are set to (approx-
imately) their maximum used values (not the maximum possible values, but the maxi-
mum of the range over which they are used). Then, the TX IF AGC is set so that the
transmit power on the antenna connector is approximately +11 dBm (this power is
reported in the next tuning, TX TX IF 11 dBm Set CELL Po). Then, six PDM values are
written to the PA AGC and the output power is measured for each. These values are
reported in this tuning. The software then performs curve fitting to interpolate between
the measured data points.
The result is the transmitted power in dBm for each of the six PA AGC PDM settings
(results labeled 0 through 5).
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Manual Verification: Turn on the cell CDMA transmitter in Phoenix, using the RF Main
Mode dialog box, and set it to channel 384. Set modulation to IS95 voice.
Set the TX_IF_AGC PDM to 0 decimal.
Set the PA AGC PDM to +218 decimal.
Set the TX RF AGC PDM to -512 decimal.
Adjust the TX IF AGC PDM so that the transmitted tone at 836.52 MHz measures
+11 dBm +/- 0.5 dB on the antenna connector, using a spectrum analyzer (use 0 as a
starting point).
Note the value obtained in the step above as it will be needed in other Troubleshooting sections.
Write the PDM values listed in the following table into the PA AGC and record the output
power. Check to see if the output power is within the ranges listed on the tuning result
printout. (Limits are not provided in this document as they may change.)
PDM for PA AGC Acceptable range for output power (in dBm)
+218 decimal limit range for Po(5)
-12 limit range for Po(4)
-202 limit range for Po(3)
-268 limit range for Po(2)
-329 limit range for Po(1)
-366 limit range for Po(0)
Troubleshooting: If the power readings are low, check the AGC voltages as given in
Tables 1 and 4. You can also probe on the PA input as given in Table 2 to find out if the
power level is going into the PA, or if the power level is correct going into the PA but the
PA gain is too low. If the power level going into the PA is too low, probe the TX chain at
all the other points prior to the PA listed in the table to see where the gain is lacking.
When that point is identified, check the soldering of all related components, and replace
components until the fault is found. If the power on the PA input is not low and the PA
AGC voltage is correct, similarly probe the power at all points after the PA to find the
fault--being extremely careful not to short the probing point to ground because this will
instantly destroy the PA. Visually check soldering first, and probe on PA output as a last
resort.
TX TX IF 11 dBm Set CELL Po
See previous tuning (TN PA Gain Cal Cell Po (0) [or, (1), (2), (3), (4), or (5)]). This is
the part of the previous tuning when the TX IF AGC is adjusted so that the output power
is +11 dBm.
The result is a power in dBm. A perfect result would be +11.00 dBm.
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Manual Verification: See previous section.
Troubleshooting: See previous section.
TN TX RF AGC Cell Po (0) [or (1), or (2)]
This tuning characterizes the RF AGC curve by entering PDM values to the RF AGC and
measuring the output power.
The results are TX power readings in dBm of the transmitted signal measured for each of
the listed PDM settings of the Cell TX RF AGC.
Manual Verification: Set up the transmitter as described in tuning 24.3 above.
Set the Cell PA PDM to -329.
Set the TX_IF_AGC to the value determined in tuning 24.3 above to give +11 dBm on the
output.
Change the TX RF AGC to the settings in the following table, and measure the TX power
levels. Check to see that they are within the specified range.
PDM for TX RF AGC Acceptable range for output power, in dBm
-512 decimal check
-67 decimal limits
-22 decimal in tuning
+418 results
+511 file
Troubleshooting: Check Robin (N801) according to Tables 1, 2, and 4. Also check D400,
which generates the PDM signals. Check AGC PDM voltages according to Table 1. Trou-
bleshoot the rest of the cell transmitter, if needed.
TN TX Gain Comp Cell Po MD (or LO, LM, ML, MH, HM, or HI)
Both this tuning and the next (TX IF dBm Set Cell Po) ensure that the value of TxdBCtr
correctly corresponds to the absolute TX output power. On the midchannel, with TxdBCtr
set to a specified value, G_Offset is adjusted so that the output power is -8 dBm and
that value of G-Offset is recorded (which is an absolute value) in the next tuning. (The
output power in dBm is recorded in this tuning.) After this is done on the midchannel,
the channel is changed to each of the other channels and output power is reported.
(G_Offset is not adjusted on the other channels as it was on the center channel -- just
the output power is recorded.)
The result is the transmitted power in dBM, which should be -8.0 dBm +/- 0.5 dB on the
center channel.
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Manual Verification: Set the phone to local mode and program it to Cellular (or PCS)
CDMA RX/TX mode on channel 384 (or 600 for PCS), using the Main Mode dialog box.
Using the Phoenix RF Tuning dialog box, choose "mode" = RF Tuning and choose this test.
Adjust G_Offset in the "values" dialog box line until the TX output power (measured on
the RF connector with a spectrum analyzer) is equal to -8.0 dBm +/- 0.5 dB. Use the
G_Offset limit range as a guide to which values to enter.
Once this is done on the center channel, change to each of the other channels and record
the power. Do not adjust G_Offset on the other channels--just record the power. It
should be within the limits listed in the tuning results file.
Channel Cell
Low 991
LowMid 107
MidLow 245
Mid 384
MidHigh 512
HighMid 660
High 799
Troubleshooting: If -8 dBm cannot be attained, troubleshoot Cell TX.
TX IF 11 dBm Set CELL Po
See the previous tuning (TN TX Gain Comp Cell Po MD (or LO, LM, ML, MH, HM, or
HI)). This is the part of the previous tuning when the TX IF AGC is adjusted so that the
output power is +11 dBm.
The result is a power in dBm. A perfect result would be +11.00 dBm.
Manual Verification: See previous tuning.
Troubleshooting: See previous tuning.
TN TX RF AGC Cell Po (0) [or (1), or (2)]
This tuning characterizes the RF AGC curve by entering PDM values to the RF AGC and
measuring the output power.
The results are TX power readings in dBm of the transmitted signal measured for each of
the listed PDM settings of the Cell TX RF AGC.
Manual Verification: Set up the transmitter as described in tuning 24.3 above.
Set the Cell PA PDM to -329.
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Set the TX_IF_AGC to the value determined in tuning 24.3 above to give +11 dBm on the
output.
Change the TX RF AGC to the settings in the following table, and measure the TX power
levels. Check to see that they are within the specified range.
PDM for TX RF AGC Acceptable range for output power, in dBm
-512 decimal check
-67 decimal limits
-22 decimal in tuning
+418 results
+511 file
Troubleshooting: Check Robin (N801) according to Tables 1, 2, and 4. Also check D400,
which generates PDM signals. Check AGC PDM voltages according to Table 1. Trouble-
shoot the rest of the cell transmitter, if needed.
TN TX Gain Comp Cell (or PCS) Po MD (or LO, LM, ML, MH, HM, or HI)
Both this tuning and the next (TN G_Offset Cell MD) ensure that the value of TxdBCtr
correctly corresponds to the absolute TX output power. On the midchannel, with TxdBCtr
set to a specified value, G_Offset is adjusted so that the output power is -8 dBm, and
that value of G_Offset is recorded (which is an absolute value) in the next tuning. (The
output power in dBm is recorded in this tuning.) After this is done on the midchannel,
the channel is changed to each of the other channels, and output power is reported.
(G_Offset is not adjusted on the other channels as it was on the center channel--just the
output power is recorded.)
The result is the transmitted power in dBm, which should be -8.0 dBm +/- 0.5 dB on the
center channel.
Manual Verification: Set the phone to local mode and program it to Cellular (or PCS)
CDMA RX/TX mode on channel 384 (or 600 for PCS), using the Main Mode dialog box.
Using the Phoenix RF Tuning dialog box, choose "mode" = RF Tuning, and choose this
test. Adjust G_Offset in the "values" dialog box line until the TX output power (measured
on the RF connector with a spectrum analyzer) is equal to -8.0 dBm +/- 0.5 dB. Use the
G_Offset limit range as a guide to which values to enter.
Once this is done on the center channel, change to each of the other channels and record
the power. Do not adjust G_Offset on the other channels--just record the power. It
should be within the limits listed in the tuning results file.
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CCS Technical Documentation Troubleshooting
Channel Cell
Low 991
LowMid 107
MidLow 245
Mid 384
MidHigh 512
HighMid 660
High 799
Troubleshooting: If -8 dBm cannot be attained, troubleshoot Cell TX.
TN G_Offset Cell MD
See previous tuning (TN TX Gain Comp Cell (or PCS) Po MD (or LO, LM, ML, MH, HM,
or HI)). This step reports G_Offset.
The result is the value of G_Offset, which gives -8.0 dBm transmitted power.
Manual Verification: See the previous tuning. This is the value of G_Offset needed to get
-8 dBm on the center channel.
Troubleshooting: If G_Offset is not within the limits, troubleshoot the Cell TX.
TN AMPS PL2 Po Mid (or Low, LowMid, MidLow, MidHigh, HighMid, or High)
This procedure tunes the AMPS transmit Power Level 0 on seven channels by adjusting
TxdBCtr. The channels are: Low=991, LowMid=107, MidLow=245, Mid=384,
MidHigh=521, HighMid=660, High=799. The algorithm then interpolates between the
measured points for frequency compensation.
The result is measured transmit power in dBm for power level 0 on each of the seven
channels.
Manual Verification: Set the phone to local mode and turn on the AMPS transceiver to
the channel that failed.
Using the Phoenix RF Tuning dialog box, set "mode"=RF Tuning, and select this test.
Adjust TxdBCtr in the "values" dialog box until the output power is within the limits
(adjusting for cable loss).
Troubleshooting: Troubleshoot the cell transmitter, setting the TX AGC values to those
listed for Power Level 0 in Table 1.
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TN AMPS PL3 (or 4, 5, 6, or 7) Po
This procedure tunes power levels 3 through 7, all on the center channel. (Power level 0
was tuned in the previous test. Power levels 1 and 2 are the same as 0 for this phone.)
The result is measured trasmit power in dBm for power levels 3 through 7 on
channel 384.
Manual Verification: Use the same procedure as in the previous tuning (TN AMPS PL2
Po Mid (or Low, LowMid, MidLow, MidHigh, HighMid, or High)), but on channel 384
note that the limits are different from the previous tuning.
Troubleshooting: Trouble the cell transmitter, setting the AGCs as in Table 1 for the power
level that failed.
TN TX Limiting Po Cell IS95, Low channel (or LowMid, MidLow, Mid, MidHigh,
HighMid, or High channel)
This tuning provides an upper limit on the transmit power while in Cell IS95 mode. The
reason for this is to ensure that the phone never violates the SAR (Specific Absorption
Ratio) limit, which is a health and safety specification that limits the amount of radia-
tion near the user's head. The phone is set to transmit and TxdBCtr is adjusted for the
maximum transmit power.
The result is a power level in dBm, which is the maximum allowed. This is done on each
of the seven channels.
Manual Verification: Using Phoenix, set the phone to local mode; then turn on the Cell
transmitter set to each of the channels in the following list.
Using the RF Tuning dialog box, adjust TxdBCtr in the "values" dialog box until the TX
power--measured on the RF connector with a spectrum analyzer--is within the limits on
each of the following channels.
Channel Cell
Low 991
LowMid 107
MidLow 245
Mid 384
MidHigh 512
HighMid 660
High 799
Troubleshooting: If the maximum cannot be reached, either a component in the trans-
mitter has too much loss, or not enough gain. Troubleshoot the Cell transmitter with the
phone set to the same channel as the failed channel.
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TN TX Limiting Cell CDMA2000: Po
This is the same as the previous tuning (TN TX Limiting Po Cell IS95, Low channel (or
LowMid, MidLow, Mid, MidHigh, HighMid or High channel)), except that CDMA2000
(C2K) modulation is used instead of IS95.
For an explanation of result, see the previous tuning.
Manual Verification: Same as the previous tuning, except choose the CDMA2000 tuning
in the RF Tuning dialog box.
Troubleshooting: Same as previous tuning.
TS ACPR Cell -- Low
See the description for PCS ACPR. In cell band, however, the offset is -0.9 MHz
(+0.9 MHz).
Manual Verification: Set up the measurement as described in section 42.3 but turn on
the Cell transmitter to channel 384. Likewise, use the TxdBCtr value for Cell TX Limiting
on channel 384 in IS95 mode. Measure at the center frequency of 836.52 MHz, and the
offset of +/- 0.9 MHz.
Troubleshooting: Refer to section 42.3 and also the Cell TX troubleshooting guide. Cell
band TX decoupling capacitors are C653, C633, C649, C648, C619, C841, C817, C810,
C811, C803.
TN RX IF AGC RXdBCtr (0) [or (1) or (2)]
This tuning calibrates the RX IF AGC curve, because the output power of the IF part of
the Batman IC is not a linear function of RX_IF_AGC. The tuner injects three known sig-
nal power levels into the phone's receiver and, for each one, the phone's AGC algorithm
adjusts the RX_IF_AGC to get the same amplitude at the output of Batman (although
different amplitudes are going in). From these three points, curve fitting is used to inter-
polate between measurement points.
The result is a value of RxdBCtr (which corresponds to a value of RX_IF_AGC) for each of
three CW input powers injected into the receiver:
-87.5 dBm, -57 dBm, and -18 dBm
Manual Verification: With the phone in local mode, use the Main Mode dialog to turn on
the AMPS receiver set to channel 384. Using the RF Tuning dialog, perform the manual
tuning three times--each time injecting the CW signal at the amplitudes listed above;
one amplitude per tuning. Each time, record RxdBCtr--which is returned by Phoenix dur-
ing the manual tuning. For the manual tuning, use the RF Tuning dialog box with
"mode"= RF Tuning, and choose the appropriate tuning name. Ensure that the resulting
value of RxdBCtr is within the limits in the tuning results file.
Troubleshooting: While injecting a signal into the receiver, check the values of RSSI and
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RX_IF_AGC PDM value and, if needed, voltage. RSSI should be within +/- 2 dB of the
actual power in dBm on the RF connector. The AGC will try to keep the same amplitude
on Batman output; therefore, if the AGC value is larger than normal, this indicates that
the AGC is compensating for loss in the chain prior to the variable gain amplifier.
After checking RSSI and AGC value, if it is still necessary to probe to pinpoint the source
of the error, use the AMPS probing tables.
TN LNA AMPS (or Cell) LowGain (or HighGain) LO (or LM, ML, MD, MH, HM,
HI)
This tuning records RxdBCtr (which is automatically adjusted to produce the same ampli-
tude on the receiver output no matter what the input is) for the receiver with the LNA in
HighGain mode, and again with the LNA in LowGain mode. For AMPS, this is done only
on the center channel. For Cell and PCS, it is done over several channels.
The result is a value of RxdBCtr.
Manual Verification: Using Phoenix, choose this tuning in the RF Tuning dialog box.
Inject a CW signal that is 10 kHz offset from the center frequency of the channel that is
being tuned. For AMPS, set the amplitude to -65 dBm. For both Cell and PCS, set the
amplitude to -95 dBm. Record RxdBCtr, which is returned from Phoenix in the lowest
field in the RF Tuning dialog box.
Troubleshooting: Check Alfred and supporting components.
Final UI Test: Rho
Rho is a measure of CDMA transmit signal quality, which encompasses other transmitter
indicators such as phase error and magnitude error. Rho is measured with the phone in a
phone call, and is read directly from the call box. Rho is measured with the sector power
= -75 dBm. If Rho fails, check the signal purity of the LOs. Check synthesizer components
and power supply decoupling.
Final UI Test: Frame Error Rate (FER)
This measurement--also made while in a phone call--measures the frame errors of the
receiver in CDMA mode. A low amplitude signal (typically at a receiver sensitivity level of
-104 dBm), is injected into the receiver, and the FER is recorded. FER is measured in per-
centage (0.5% or lower is considered passing). Failures are most often caused by excess
loss/insufficient gain in the receiver chain. Failures may also be the result of excess noise
in the receiver. Check for correct signal levels and AGC values/voltages.
Final UI Test: SINAD
SINAD (Signal-to-Noise-and-Distortion) is similar to a sensitivity/FER measurement for
CDMA, but it is used in AMPS. A low-level signal (typically at sensitivity level of -116.0
dBm) is injected into the receiver, and SINAD is read off the call box. The passing limit is
12 dB.
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Probing/Troubleshooting
Overview
When measuring CDMA transmit signals, if the spectrum analyzer does not have a CDMA
personality card, the CDMA signal power can be approximated by setting the resolution
bandwidth to 1 MHz and using the marker. CDMA signal power is measured by integrat-
ing power over a 1.23 MHz bandwidth while the marker measures power at only one fre-
quency.
Probing is generally done in local mode, although situations may arise whereby the trou-
bleshooter may need to probe while in a call. If this is done, be aware that in some cases,
probing may disturb the circuit so that the call drops.
The following tables list power levels for many combinations of AGC values; however, it
generally is only necessary to check one combination. Likewise, although probing points
and signal level information are given for each point in the receiver and transmitter
chains, the troubleshooter is not expected to probe each point on every phone. Only the
suspect trouble spots should be probed.
Absolute power measurements were made with an Agilent (HP) 85024A active high
impedance probe. While other probes may be used, it is strongly recommended that the
probe be high impedance so that the measurement does not load the circuit. Adjust
absolute measurements if the probe has a different gain or if a probe attenuator is used.
If a range is provided for loss, typically the higher loss occurs at the band edges.
Power depends on the impedance of the circuit. For example, if a circuit has a nominal
loss of 5 dB, then straightforward probing on the input and output, then subtracting,
might not result in 5 dB because the input impedance might be different from the output
impedance. However, after mathematically adjusting the power on either the input or
output to compensate for the difference in impedance, 5 dB is then calculated. Most
components in the RF section have the same input and output impedance (50 ohms), but
where this is not the case, absolute power is noted in the tables in dBm, rather than loss
or gain in dB.
When testing the CDMA receiver, it is easier to inject a CW tone into the receiver. The
gains and losses will be the same for a CW signal as for CDMA.
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Probing Tables
Table 1: Transmit Output Power and Associated AGC PDM values and voltages
channel 384
AMPS
TX RF AGC TX IF AGC Probed RF PA AGC RF power
power on on RF con-
PDM value voltage PDM value voltage Balun Out PDM value voltage nector
typical v typical v dBm typical v dBm
-409 0.17 -102 0.70 -11.2 +/- 3 dB -19 0.84 25.5 (PL0)
-409 0.17 -89 0.72 -13.2 +/- 3 dB -123 0.66 24.2 (PL3)
-409 0.17 -73 0.75 -15.4 +/- 3 dB -310 0.34 19.9 (PL4)
-249 0.44 -63 0.77 -19.2 +/- 3 dB -330 0.30 15.8 (PL5)
-104 0.70 -53 0.78 -22.4 +/- 3 dB -330 0.30 12.5 (PL6)
37 0.95 -48 0.79 -27.9 +/- 3 dB -330 0.30 8.2 (PL7)
CELL CDMA
-403 0.17 -115 0.66 -16 +/- 3 dB 220 1.27 25
-403 0.17 116 1.08 -42 +/- 3 dB -270 0.40 -2
200 1.23 124 1.09 -58 +/- 3 dB -331 0.29 -23
450 1.68 124 1.09 -65 +/- 3 dB -331 0.29 -39
511 1.78 207 1.24 -75 +/- 3 dB -331 0.29 -50
Note: AGC PDM values will change (sometimes drastically) as the phone warms up. The table lists
PDM values for initial power up. After 10 minutes at full power, PDM values will be different.
Table 2: RF/Analog Probing for Transmitter
Where to start checking if RF
Probing power not correct (soldering,
Probed Absolute Power (dBm) or
Probing Point Location on shorts, DC power applied if
gain/loss (dB) or voltage (v)
the board active, correct voltage of DC
signals, otherwise replace)
UEM (D200) 1, Figure 1 Use O-scope. For CDMA modula- D200, N601 (VR2,3,6,IO)
out=Robin (N601) tion turned on, 550 mV p-p, looks
in like noise. For AMPS, with test tone
turned on.
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Table 2: RF/Analog Probing for Transmitter
Where to start checking if RF
Probing power not correct (soldering,
Probed Absolute Power (dBm) or
Probing Point Location on shorts, DC power applied if
gain/loss (dB) or voltage (v)
the board active, correct voltage of DC
signals, otherwise replace)
Robin (N601) 2a and 2b, Easiest to probe on balun output as N601 (ensure VREFRF02 is 1.35v.
out=Balun (T604) Figure 1 per Table 1. Nominal loss through Check AGC voltages/PDMs), T604,
in balun = 1 dB, but it will appear as L604, L603, C640, C642, C620,
3-4 dB gain due to impedance dif- N603 (including check for 3.6v on
ference. On Robin output, you may pin 5), D400 (including AGC volt-
see amplitude imbalance between age)
2 sides of probing point 2 due to
impedance differences (less in
Cell).
Balun (T604) 3, Figure 1 See Table 1 T604, L613, C640, C642, L603,
out=Tomcat L604, N601. C620, N603 (includ-
(N603) in ing: check PD_CELL high as in Table
2), N603 (including check for 3.6v
on pin 5 and 2.6v on pin 4)
Tomcat (N603) out 4, Figure 1 Gain = 12-16 dB through Tomcat N603 (also ensure 3.6v on pin 5
= TX SAW filter and PD_CELL high as in Table 1b),
(Z604) in N601, C649, C639, Z604, N801
(Vbat)
TX SAW filter 5, Figure 1 Loss = 2-3 dB through SAW filter Z604, N603, N801 (Vbat)
(Z604) out = cell
PA (N801) in
Cell PA (N801) out 6, Figure 1. PA has variable gain, see Table 1. N801 (including: check 3.6v on
= cell isolator Probing here Best to measure on RF connector. Vbat, Z802, R821, R801, R804,
(Z802) in not recom- L801, C805, R806, R805, V801),
mended unless D400 (including AGC voltage),
necessary; best N601 (since lref, also check
to measure on PA_AGC).
RF connector
Cell isolator 7, Figure 1. Loss = 0.6 dB through isolator. Best Z802, N801 (Vbat), R821, R801,
(Z802) out = cell Probing here to measure on RF connector as in Z803
duplexer (Z803) in not recom- Table 1
mended unless
necessary; best
to measure on
RF connector
Cell duplexer 8, Figure 1. Loss = 1.3 dB through duplexer Z802, C801, L812, X800. If no cable
(Z803) out Probing here connected to X800, then addition-
not recom- ally: L802, R823, L803, R824
mended unless
necessary; best
to measure on
RF connector
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Table 2: RF/Analog Probing for Transmitter
Where to start checking if RF
Probing power not correct (soldering,
Probed Absolute Power (dBm) or
Probing Point Location on shorts, DC power applied if
gain/loss (dB) or voltage (v)
the board active, correct voltage of DC
signals, otherwise replace)
UHF LO at 10, Figure 1. Power approx. -3 dBm If LO is present but off freq (could
1009.62 MHz for Can probe on